Tuesday, November 29, 2016/Thursday December 1, 2016

Tuesday, November 29, 2016/Thursday December 1, 2016

Paleolithic—22000 BC?

Paleo= old

Lithic=stone

Today, we enjoy the spear points made by the people in the stone age because of its symmetry.

Lascaux Caves—France

Some of the oldest paintings

Man of the artifacts found in the paleothic era were very small because they would have to travel a lot.

Bison with Turned Head La Madeline, Tarn France 11,000-9,000 B.C.

Neolithic Era 2000 B.C.E

Stonehenge Salisbury Plain, England 2800-1500 B.C

Architecture back then, was based of on where we could find a place to live year round rather than a place to stay.

Most big cities are on a place where there is a water source.

Art become decorative because so much of what they used became utilitarian. Doors, rugs, cups, etc. 

Man feels need to make things special. 

Mesopotamian 

Meso=in between 

potamia: the land of the waters

Mesopotamia=In between the land of the waters

Before the old testament—Sacrificed their children (killed them)

Mesopotamia—developed language, developed god man relationship 

Zigarot

—Artificial Mountain

Where you pray to your god—give offerings

Stele—big stone (column)

Head of a man, wings of an angel, body of a bus—symbolic

Lamas 

Dur Sharrukin 

Louvre, Paris

c. 720 B.C Limestone

Egyptian

Were absolutely focused on their journey to the after life

Most of Egyptian art work is focused on the journey to the after life 

Greece:

Only men could participate in the olympics

Women were a possession 

Beauty of the human body,

There were men, woman, heroes and Gods

Heroes were like Hercules

Gods are immortal 

Different types of Greek Pots:

Hydra

Lekythos

Krater

Amphora

Kylix

Roman 400 B.C-400A.D

Romans desired to conquer the whole world

When you rule something you have to be able to take care of something 

The Colosseum holds 50,000 people

Romans were very blood thirsty, originally 

Morally corrupt 

People who lived previously on the earth where just as smart, interesting, colorful, and devout as anyone who lived today. 

Christian/Byzantine 400 A.D-999 A.D.

Byzantium Temple—Mosaic form was likable—makes something more abstract 

The renaissance is important in the history of art because it was stylized 

Romanesque Era 1000 A.D.-1125 A.D.

“Dark Ages” 

Believe Jesus was supposed to come back soon so they built giant churches

Thick walls and small windows

Development of the illuminated Manuscript, Romanesque Era

Tuesday, November 15, 2016

Tuesday, November 15, 2016

Architecture 

Building codes: inspected periodically so that the building is safe to be in. 

We make buildings to drive shelter

Architecture is the art and science of building

Art is the Aesthetics part—beauty of the design 

Science is the engineering part—function of structure

The average life span for a building is 50 years—For style, improvement, etc.

Two things needed to create a building

Weight—The heaviness of a structure

Tensile Strain—Ability of a material to span distances unsupported

—Wood is lighter and able to flex more than stone

“If you want to know how old a building is… just weigh it.”

R. Buckminister Fuller 1895-1983

Architectural Structural Systems

—Shell System—>Stacking and piling Example: Log Cabin, igloo, etc.

—Skeleton-and-skin—>Has internal frame work: Example: Tee Pee

Load Bearing Construction

—Lower members supporting upper members

Stacking and Piling:

Ex: Original Jacob Spori Building 

Architectural Structural Families:

Trabeated=“Using the beam”

Arcuated=

Post and Lintel Construction—helps to enclose space

Arcuated=“Using the Arch”

Repetition of arches—Archade 

Romanesque Architecture Round Arch @1000-1225 A.D.—influenced by roman architecture

-Key Stone

-Voussoir

-Impost

-Pier

-Foundation

Gothic Architecture: Pointed Arch and Vault @1125-1400 A.D>

Pointed arch, instead of semi circular round arch. 

Pointed arch can go higher

Dome

If you rake a round arch and spin it you get a dome—pantheon: ROMAN Church to all the “Gods”—was the largest dome structure in the world for its time The whole top ring acts as a key ring. 

Tuesday, November 8, 2016

Crafts

Functional arts, expert work, done by “hand”—Unique, one of a kind, hand made, generally more expensive

We live in a society of mass production and disposal goods, crafts used to be a one of a kind thing. 

Skill: 0 Simple, “everyone” can do it. 

Very broad spectrum of objectives and skill levels

What separates crafts from art?

Fine art is the aesthetics, fine art is philosophical—Crafts have usefulness or utility, has a function

Crafts are useful, SOMETIMES work of art

Crafting is not less than fine art, it is equal, if someone puts enough time and passion into something, it becomes a work of art. 

Five Common Craft Materials

1. Wood

—Organic, plentiful, variety—> Hard, soft, color, grain

—Greatest source, 

1. Glass
2. Fiber
3. Metal
4. Clay

Heir-Loom: An object passed down to each generation in families

Thursday, November 3, 2016

Thursday, November 2, 2016

Patina

Finish on a sculpture—Can make any bronze, copper, etc. different colors.

Carving:

is the process of taking away—unforgiving, hard to fix mistakes

Death of Virgin

Adrian van Wesel

15th Century

Oak

Assembling:

Becca

David Smith

1965 Stainless Steel

Vermillion

Deborah Butterfield

1969 

Painted Welded Steel

Black Wall 

Louise Nevelson

1959 Wood

Low Relief or Bas-relief

Low/Bas Relief—Limited to the amount of depth, must be visually readable

**Bas—means low in French—Pronounced “Bah” 

High Relief or Haut relief

High/Haut Relief: Not limited to death, also must be visually readable

In the Round 

Sculpture where you can see all the way around (360)

The Burghers of Calais

Auguste Rodin

1884—Bronze

The Human Figure

Mycerinus and Ka-Mereer-Nebty

from Giza

2548-2530 B.C.E

Slate

Closed figure—frontal closed figure^^

Contrappassto

Rib cage and pelvis are separate—makes sculptural figures look life like, or natural

St. Mark

Donatello

1411-13 Marble

Symbolically Powerful

Last Judgement Gislebertus

Installations

Clothespin

Environmental Sculpture

Serpent Mound, near Locust Grove, Ohio

1000 C.E or earlier Uncoiled-1300’

**Mobile—Sculpture that does move, and changes

**Stabile—Sculpture that doesn’t move

Fuzzing the Line: 

Sculpture or Architecture?

Eiffel Tower

Alexandre Gustave Eifel

Permanentsy in sculpture does not have to exist, a work of art does NOT have to last FOREVER.

Tuesday, November 1, 2016

Sculpture

Methods

• Modeling
• Casting 
• Carving
• Assembling 

Modeling:

You need something malleable like clay, dough, or silly puddy, etc. 

Oil Based Clay: Does not “dry” quickly—used to sculpt and then molded, then casted

Armature—holds the weight of the clay (wire)

Casting:

Replacement method,mold of an oil based sculpture and then replaced with bronze or some other material.—Bronze is a traditional material, strong, quality, cheaper.

Interior mold, and mother mold

Sare Purdue—Lost wax method

Carving: 

Process of taking away. 

Assembling:

Process of putting together

**Terra Cotta: Cooked Earth

Terra=Earth

Cotta=Cooked 

**Maquette—small version of a finished sculpture—prototype

Thursday, October 27, 2016

Griffin Email:

griffing@byui.edu

Extra Credit Opportunity 

Afi.com

• Watch 0-5 of these movies
• No fantasy and science fiction movies
• Write each movie you watch down at the end of the semester and receive five points for each movie you watch

Thursday, October 27, 2016

Photography/Film—Cont.

Film Shorts

“Fred Ott’s Sneeze” 1894

“The Arrival of the Train”

Silent Film Era

1890’s-1927 

Charlie Chaplin, Auteur

*Auteur—Means Author in French

**In film it means great control over film

Technical Advances

Sound-1927

Color-1930

Terminology

Full Shot-Head to Toe

Medium Shot-Waist Up

Close Up-Head & Shoulders

Extreme Close Up - Part of Face

Long Shot- Distance

Pan Shot- Camera Moving Side to Side

Traveling Shot- Front to Back

Iris Shot- Darkening at Edges

Editing - Creative Assembling of Film

Cross Cut - Two or More Scenes Together

Flashback-Cut to Earlier Time

Special Effects

Animation

D.W Griffith

Charlie Chaplain

Alfred Hitchcock

Woody Allen

Tuesday, October 25, 2016

Tuesday, October 25, 2016

Photography Film Video

1828—invention of the camera

Heliograph— sun writing 

• Light can transmit an image—reflection 

The word camera means room 

Photomechanical Image Recording 

Heliography

Joseph Niépce 

Daguerreotype

Louis Daguerre 

Cooper Union Lincoln Portrait 

Mathew Brady, 1860

Landscape

Ansel Adams “Thunderstorm Lake Tahoe”

Portraiture 

Helen Keller

Genre 

Dorothea Lange “Migrant Mother” 1936

Photo Journalism 

is the filming of picture taking of a significant event

Editorial Photogrpahy

Photography that sells a product. Can be deceptive

Abstraction

Edward Weston “Artichoke, Halved” 1930

Purposes of Photography 

• Fine Art
• Photo Journalism
• Editorial Photography

Cinematography

Kinemat=Movement

Graphy=Picture

Celluloid Negatives:

Invented by William Talbot, 1839

Patent sold to:

George Eastman

Studies of Motion

Edward Muybridge

“Animal Locomotion”

1887

Principle

Persistence of Vision

Retention visual image in the mind

24 frames/second

Zoopraxiscope

Three Necessary Elements

Flexible Connected Images

William Talbot-Celluloid

Artificial Light Source

Thomas Edison-Light Bulb

Projector

Lumiere Brothers

“It doesn’t matter what you do, it matters how you do it.”

—Griffin

Art 101 Intro Notes Tuesday, October 18, 2016

Graphic Design

Visual Communication

Graphic Design IS pure art

As a graphic designer, your message needs to be understood, to be effective; must be creative and effective

Demographics—target audience

Used to be called commercial art

Three Most Important Tools of  a Graphic Designer:

1. Type
2. Photography
3. Illustration

Typography

The art and science of letter forms

Art: Esthetic attraction 

Science: Human perception—how we see things, what’s pleasing to the eye, consistency. 

Letter form: Pictograph and ancient to us. 

Type Styles

1. Serif 
2. Sans Serif
3. Decorative

There’s a difference between type style and font

Font:All the characters of a type style. Some are limited and some of very extensive. ex: A,B,C,E,D,E,F,a.b,c,1,2,!,+, etc.

Serif: Projected wing ex: times new roman

Sans: Without a serif ex: Helvetica 

Decorative: ex: Commercial Script

• Picas: If we took a ruler, and divided the ruler into six divisions; six picas would equal one inch. A pica is about a sixth of an inch
• Points: There are 12 points in one pica. A point is a much smaller measurement than a pica
• There are 72 points in one inch
• There are six picas in one inch

• About 18 pt. and larger is display type
• 18 pt. and smaller is text type, or body copy
• Type size is measured in points and picas. 

Alignment 

If your writing is aligned on the left side of the margin it is called FLUSH LEFT

If your writing is aligned on the right side of the margin it is called FLUSH RIGHT

If the writing is aligned in the center of the margin it is called CENTERED

Leading

Space between the lines of type, makes it more legible, readable. 

Extra Credit

Extra Credit Assignment ART 101 Griffin: 

Due: Beginning of class, Thursday, October 27, 2016

• One Page paper
• Favorite 2-dimensional work of art on BYUI campus
• CANNOT be a reproduction—Has to be an original piece of art
• Objective—Using vocabulary, describe the painting objectively, “facts”
• Subjective—opinion, why do you like the work?, How does it take you feel?
• Describe the painting as if the reader is blind

Tuesday, October 11, 2016

"Fine Art"

Print Making

1. Relief Printing=Raised surface prints

• Wood cut, linocut, wooden graving 

1. Intaglio Printing=Done on metal plates, print below the surface prints

• Dry point, etching, aquatint

• (Italian translation—to cut) 

1. Lithography Printing=Surface prints

• Litho means stone, graph means to write 

1. Serigraphy Printing=Cloth writing, stencils—> screen 

• Cloth
• Does not create a mirror image

^^Four major families of print making^^

Multiple Original, artist crete a "surface"

"Proofs"

Edition: Create a group of prints from your block that are IDENTICAL

Stress mark or plate mark: The edges of the plate on the print

Registration—the precise alignment of blocks or plates

Review:

Go to moma.org

Search bar: What is a print?

Tuesday, October 11, 2016

"Fine Art"

Print Making

1. Relief Printing=Raised surface prints

• Wood cut, linocut, wooden graving 

1. Intaglio Printing=Done on metal plates, print below the surface prints

• Dry point, etching, aquatint

• (Italian translation—to cut) 

1. Lithography Printing=Surface prints

• Litho means stone, graph means to write 

1. Serigraphy Printing=Cloth writing, stencils—> screen 

• Cloth
• Does not create a mirror image

^^^four major families of print making^^^Multiple Original,Artist created a “surface”“proofs”Edition: Create a group of prints from your block that are IDENTICAL
Stress Mark or Plate Mark: the edges of the plate on the print

Registration—the precise alignment of blocks or plates

Review:

Go to moma.org

Search bar: What is a print?

No Class Thursday, October 13, 2016

Thursday, September 29, 2016

Thursday, September 29 2016
NO CLASS THIS TUESDAY, OCTOBER 4

Find a transparent water color painting

Watercolor vs. Oil painting 

Painting Media

Encaustic

Fresco

—buon-fresco Mural (sect means dry) apply water based paint plaster to the wall, soaks into the wall and becomes the wall, No longer in the modern world commonly. 

Time consuming. 

(The School of Athens Raphael 1510-11 Fresco)

Egg Tempera

—yolk of an egg thinned with water, becomes permanent, yellow of the egg dulls  the color

(Braids Andrew Wyeth 1979 Egg Tempera on Canvas)

Oil

The most popular Pigment+linseed oil—(Comes from flax plant)

Cleaned up with turpentine 

Kind of like toothpaste when it comes out of the tube.

Generally painted on canvas

Glaze:

(same word as glass)

A way of painting in oil paint, not very popular today.

There are two ways of oil painting 

indirect method—make a color translucent painting. to change color

Glade only placed on shade part

Creates Luminosity

(Man in Red Rurban Jan Eyck 1433 Oil on Pannel)

Direct method

Direct application of paint

Vincent van Gogh irises

Watercolor

Transparent water color

Gouache Water color

Brushes are normally plastic

Transparent Watercolor Painting

-The white parts in a watercolor painting are paper not paint

Normally painted light to dark 

A good transparent watercolor will always look wet

Opeac/Gouache Watercolor Painting

Layer upon layer, more like poster paint.-non toxic

Self Portrait Mary Cassat 1979 Gouache

Acrylic

—synthetic paint. Wasn’t developed till the 1970s

Day glow bright colors

Tahkt-I-Sulayman, Frank Stella 1967- acrylic

Gesso

White chalky liquid, that neutralizes the surface of canvas, panel, etc. makes it able to paint on.

“Grisaille”

-a method of painting in gray monochrome, typically to imitate sculpture.

Painting Vocabulary

Pigment=Color Particles

Medium or Binder=

—Substance that holds the pigment. (essentially the glue that holds the pigment)

Solvent

—Substance that thins the medium and pigment

Support or Substrate:

Canvas, wood paper etc.

Encaustic: Paint with wax.

Young woman with Gold Pectoral Egypt Roman

Painting Terms/Techniques

Impasto

A thick application of paint

Wash

A very thin application of paint

Less medium and more pigment

Mostly used in water color